Showing posts with label public affairs reporting. Show all posts
Showing posts with label public affairs reporting. Show all posts

Friday, October 13, 2017

RFTM Ch. 15: Speeches And Meetings


To cover a speech or meeting, planning and preparation are very important. Topics may be unfamiliar or complicated, so it's critical to take steps to prepare, including:

Learning the identities of key players and decision-makers;


Requesting agendas and other advance preparation materials;


Arriving early, getting good seats, pre-interviewing key players, arranging to talk to key players afterward;


Taking detailed notes!


Identifying key groups or people that may have counter views or who may be affected by any decisions being made/announced at the meeting/speech. Reporters can contact these people after the meeting/speech and either add their comments to the story or use them as the basis for a follow-up story.


Speech or meeting stories are often posted or published immediately after speeches or meetings take place. Reporters report on an event in detail, after identifying the central point or theme.


To organize such a story, lede with one or two of the most important/interesting/relevant/useful topics. Then, back into the rest of the details or issues.


(Like with a traditional news story, that means having to identify and highlight an end result/ultimate outcome/bottom line in your lede. You'll have to make judgments based on news values of what to lede with. You can't -- and shouldn't! -- lede with everything.)


To write an effective lede, write about the action, not the process. That is, the story not about a meeting or a speech, or even that a meeting or speech took place; it's about what happened at the meeting or what was said at the speech.


(Let's think about this in the context of writing a football game story. The story isn't about a game taking place; it's about who won or lost, and by how much, ect. We'd never write, MSU played Notre Dame in a football game Saturday night; we'd write, MSU beat Notre Dame 107-0 Saturday night. In the same way, we should never write, The East Lansing City Council met on Tuesday or Tom Izzo addressed the Happy Campers of America meeting Tuesday; we'd write, The East Lansing City Council voted to close MSU Tuesday or Tom Izzo proposed making himself King of the World at the Happy Campers of America meeting Tuesday. It's the action (winning 107-0, voting to close MSU, proposing royalty status) and not the process (a game was played, a meeting was held, a speech was spoken) that is the news.) 


Also, in the body of the story write happenings in the order of importance, and not necessarily in the order that things occurred. The most important item is in the lede; then, you detail the second most-important item; and so on.


In writing transitions between separate items within the same meeting or speech story, those subsections should be treated like mini-ledes, with focus on action and end result, and not just process and discussion.


(For example, you would focus on ultimate outcome in beginning a transitional section with something like, In other action, the city council also ordered the demolition of Spartan Stadium, and NOT something like, In other action, the city council discusses Spartan Stadium.)


In deciding what to write about and how to rank happenings, remember the audience! Keep audience interests in mind. Think about which issues are most interesting/important/relevant/useful TO THEM, and write your story accordingly.  


Help the audience clarify issues, understand events, and clarify jargon. Pleasing sources NEVER trumps helping the audience. You're there as a representative of the audience to identify and ferret back what they'd most want or need to know, and not necessarily what sources want told. People who do the former are journalists; ones who do the latter are publicists.


Also, do check your facts! Don't take what is said as gospel. Try to affirm what was said is actually true. Exaggerations and falsehoods are not unheard of from speech-makers and politicians, so fact-check what they're claiming. If they're caught in an untruth, do report what they said, and then counter it with what facts you discovered, including attribution. And see if you can ask the untruth-teller to explain the inconsistency.


Plus, get reactions to speeches and meetings from attendees and relevant outside parties.


(Who may be relevant? Think about who's affected by the decisions. If the East Lansing City Council votes to close MSU, those affected would include MSU officials and students and businesses that cater to students and even residents who have to live among students. Find such relevant parties, and add their voices to the mix.) 

JRN 200: More On Public Affairs Reporting


Posted here is a handout once given to JRN 200 instructors on how to define public affairs reporting. Instead of translating it for you, I thought it was direct enough to simply share with you. Here is the text:

The public affairs story assignment that culminates JRN 200 is meant to help students transition to JRN 300, where many of their stories will involve public affairs topics and issues.  Moreover, many of the JRN 300 students attending our session on “Thinking About Your Courses” said they would have liked more preparation for public affairs stories in JRN 200.

The draft below is meant to address this concern.  It first deals with the definition of “public affairs,” the kinds of local government institutions and processes that mostly make public affairs news, and the kinds of sources and stories student reporters can find.

Public Affairs:  A Definition
Many students are confused about the distinction between “public” and “private” when it comes to institutions and organizations they may be covering.  Some are even confused about what constitutes “government.”  So the definitions below are meant to help resolve these confusions.

1.      “Government” is made up of institutions and their operations that (a) use tax dollars and (b) derive their power from elections by citizens.  Government is the only  institution that has legal authority to collect taxes and, if necessary, to use coercion to enforce laws and rules.

2.     Public affairs is about the activity of government institutions, but is more broad than that: Public affairs involves any activities that in some way or other use tax dollars and/or impact governmental decisions.

3.     The implication of 2 above is that groups, businesses, etc., that try to influence government are also part of Public Affairs and therefore of interest for public affairs news coverage.

Local Government Institutions:
City/Township Governance:

1.      City Councils are elected by voters and have the power to enact “ordinances” that govern a number of aspects of civic life including law enforcement, fire protection, sanitation, etc.
2.     Mayor/Manager:  Mayors may be elected directly by voters or, in the case of smaller towns (e.g., East Lansing) elected from the city council.  An elected mayor has a full set of administrative officials to enforce laws.  In the case of smaller communities, a council hires a manager who serves at the pleasure of the council to do the same kind of administrative duties than an elected mayor would
3.     Courts:  These are district courts and circuit courts.  The district courts handle lesser crimes (dui, etc.,) while circuit courts handle major ones (murder, etc.)

School Districts: 

School districts are special governmental entities that perform a single task:  educating youth.  They have legal authority to raise tax revenue and expend tax dollars. 
1.    Boards of Education:  these are officials elected in the same way as city council members who have the power to make educational policy.
2      District Superintendent:  an official hired by the Board of Education to take on day-to-day administration functions.

Informal Business and Interest Groups:
1.      Although not governmental institutions, these groups often attempt to influence governmental policy.  Such groups include:
a.     Chambers of Commerce, Business Interest Groups, etc.
b.    Neighborhood Associations
c.     Unions, particularly public employee unions
d.    Issue Interest Groups such as Planned Parenthood, the ACLU, etc.
2.     Council appointed boards and commissions (e.g., recreation commission, etc.):  these groups make recommendations to councils on selected areas being considered.

Government Processes (relevant for news reporting) 

1.      Votes by councils/school boards on policy, finance, etc.
2.     Decisions by executive leaders/administration
3.     Citizen ballots on finance, etc.
4.     Trials in district and circuit courts

Public Affairs Story Sources

People Sources:
1.      Mayors/ administrators and their staffs.
2.     Elected council members/school board members
3.     Group/commission members
4.     Ordinary Citizens

Activity Sources:
1.      Official meetings of councils, commissions, school boards etc.
2.     Rallies, demonstrations, strikes, etc.
3.     Speeches, etc.
4.     Trials, sentencing, etc.

Document Sources:
1.      Web sites
2.     Official reports/studies
3.     Statistical data

Routine Public Affairs Stories
1.      Votes by councils and school boards and commissions
2.     Discussions by councils and school boards and commissions
3.     Interest group activity to influence 1 and 2 above
4.     Proposals by administrative officers
5.     Protests, strikes
6.     Court Activity

Reporting Skill Sets Needed
1.      How to cover and write stories involving some sort of meeting
2.     Interviewing 
3.     Accessing and integrating documents into stories
4.     Sourcing beyond government actors for stories
5.     Fairness and balance in reporting controversy

Friday, February 24, 2017

JRN 200: More On Public Affairs Reporting

Posted here is a handout once given to JRN 200 instructors on how to define public affairs reporting. Instead of translating it for you, I thought it was direct enough to simply share with you. Here is the text:

The public affairs story assignment that culminates JRN 200 is meant to help students transition to JRN 300, where many of their stories will involve public affairs topics and issues.  Moreover, many of the JRN 300 students attending our session on “Thinking About Your Courses” said they would have liked more preparation for public affairs stories in JRN 200.

The draft below is meant to address this concern.  It first deals with the definition of “public affairs,” the kinds of local government institutions and processes that mostly make public affairs news, and the kinds of sources and stories student reporters can find.

Public Affairs:  A Definition
Many students are confused about the distinction between “public” and “private” when it comes to institutions and organizations they may be covering.  Some are even confused about what constitutes “government.”  So the definitions below are meant to help resolve these confusions.

1.      “Government” is made up of institutions and their operations that (a) use tax dollars and (b) derive their power from elections by citizens.  Government is the only  institution that has legal authority to collect taxes and, if necessary, to use coercion to enforce laws and rules.

2.     Public affairs is about the activity of government institutions, but is more broad than that: Public affairs involves any activities that in some way or other use tax dollars and/or impact governmental decisions.

3.     The implication of 2 above is that groups, businesses, etc., that try to influence government are also part of Public Affairs and therefore of interest for public affairs news coverage.

Local Government Institutions:
City/Township Governance:

1.      City Councils are elected by voters and have the power to enact “ordinances” that govern a number of aspects of civic life including law enforcement, fire protection, sanitation, etc.
2.     Mayor/Manager:  Mayors may be elected directly by voters or, in the case of smaller towns (e.g., East Lansing) elected from the city council.  An elected mayor has a full set of administrative officials to enforce laws.  In the case of smaller communities, a council hires a manager who serves at the pleasure of the council to do the same kind of administrative duties than an elected mayor would
3.     Courts:  These are district courts and circuit courts.  The district courts handle lesser crimes (dui, etc.,) while circuit courts handle major ones (murder, etc.)

School Districts: 

School districts are special governmental entities that perform a single task:  educating youth.  They have legal authority to raise tax revenue and expend tax dollars. 
1.    Boards of Education:  these are officials elected in the same way as city council members who have the power to make educational policy.
2      District Superintendent:  an official hired by the Board of Education to take on day-to-day administration functions.

Informal Business and Interest Groups:
1.      Although not governmental institutions, these groups often attempt to influence governmental policy.  Such groups include:
a.     Chambers of Commerce, Business Interest Groups, etc.
b.    Neighborhood Associations
c.     Unions, particularly public employee unions
d.    Issue Interest Groups such as Planned Parenthood, the ACLU, etc.
2.     Council appointed boards and commissions (e.g., recreation commission, etc.):  these groups make recommendations to councils on selected areas being considered.

Government Processes (relevant for news reporting) 

1.      Votes by councils/school boards on policy, finance, etc.
2.     Decisions by executive leaders/administration
3.     Citizen ballots on finance, etc.
4.     Trials in district and circuit courts

Public Affairs Story Sources

People Sources:
1.      Mayors/ administrators and their staffs.
2.     Elected council members/school board members
3.     Group/commission members
4.     Ordinary Citizens

Activity Sources:
1.      Official meetings of councils, commissions, school boards etc.
2.     Rallies, demonstrations, strikes, etc.
3.     Speeches, etc.
4.     Trials, sentencing, etc.

Document Sources:
1.      Web sites
2.     Official reports/studies
3.     Statistical data

Routine Public Affairs Stories
1.      Votes by councils and school boards and commissions
2.     Discussions by councils and school boards and commissions
3.     Interest group activity to influence 1 and 2 above
4.     Proposals by administrative officers
5.     Protests, strikes
6.     Court Activity

Reporting Skill Sets Needed
1.      How to cover and write stories involving some sort of meeting
2.     Interviewing 
3.     Accessing and integrating documents into stories
4.     Sourcing beyond government actors for stories
5.     Fairness and balance in reporting controversy

Wednesday, October 5, 2016

RFTM Ch. 15: Speeches And Meetings

To cover a speech or meeting, planning and preparation are very important. Topics may be unfamiliar or complicated, so it's critical to take steps to prepare, including:

Learning the identities of key players and decision-makers;


Requesting agendas and other advance preparation materials;


Arriving early, getting good seats, pre-interviewing key players, arranging to talk to key players afterward;


Taking detailed notes!


Identifying key groups or people that may have counter views or who may be affected by any decisions being made/announced at the meeting/speech. Reporters can contact these people after the meeting/speech and either add their comments to the story or use them as the basis for a follow-up story.


Speech or meeting stories are often posted or published immediately after speeches or meetings take place. Reporters report on an event in detail, after identifying the central point or theme.


To organize such a story, lede with one or two of the most important/interesting/relevant/useful topics. Then, back into the rest of the details or issues.


(Like with a traditional news story, that means having to identify and highlight an end result/ultimate outcome/bottom line in your lede. You'll have to make judgments based on news values of what to lede with. You can't -- and shouldn't! -- lede with everything.)


To write an effective lede, write about the action, not the process. That is, the story not about a meeting or a speech, or even that a meeting or speech took place; it's about what happened at the meeting or what was said at the speech.


(Let's think about this in the context of writing a football game story. The story isn't about a game taking place; it's about who won or lost, and by how much, ect. We'd never write, MSU played Notre Dame in a football game Saturday night; we'd write, MSU beat Notre Dame 107-0 Saturday night. In the same way, we should never write, The East Lansing City Council met on Tuesday or Tom Izzo addressed the Happy Campers of America meeting Tuesday; we'd write, The East Lansing City Council voted to close MSU Tuesday or Tom Izzo proposed making himself King of the World at the Happy Campers of America meeting Tuesday. It's the action (winning 107-0, voting to close MSU, proposing royalty status) and not the process (a game was played, a meeting was held, a speech was spoken) that is the news.) 


Also, in the body of the story write happenings in the order of importance, and not necessarily in the order that things occurred. The most important item is in the lede; then, you detail the second most-important item; and so on.


In writing transitions between separate items within the same meeting or speech story, those subsections should be treated like mini-ledes, with focus on action and end result, and not just process and discussion.


(For example, you would focus on ultimate outcome in beginning a transitional section with something like, In other action, the city council also ordered the demolition of Spartan Stadium, and NOT something like, In other action, the city council discusses Spartan Stadium.)


In deciding what to write about and how to rank happenings, remember the audience! Keep audience interests in mind. Think about which issues are most interesting/important/relevant/useful TO THEM, and write your story accordingly.  


Help the audience clarify issues, understand events, and clarify jargon. Pleasing sources NEVER trumps helping the audience. You're there as a representative of the audience to identify and ferret back what they'd most want or need to know, and not necessarily what sources want told. People who do the former are journalists; ones who do the latter are publicists.


Also, do check your facts! Don't take what is said as gospel. Try to affirm what was said is actually true. Exaggerations and falsehoods are not unheard of from speech-makers and politicians, so fact-check what they're claiming. If they're caught in an untruth, do report what they said, and then counter it with what facts you discovered, including attribution. And see if you can ask the untruth-teller to explain the inconsistency.


Plus, get reactions to speeches and meetings from attendees and relevant outside parties.


(Who may be relevant? Think about who's affected by the decisions. If the East Lansing City Council votes to close MSU, those affected would include MSU officials and students and businesses that cater to students and even residents who have to live among students. Find such relevant parties, and add their voices to the mix.) 

JRN 200: More On Public Affairs Reporting

Posted here is a handout once given to JRN 200 instructors on how to define public affairs reporting. Instead of translating it for you, I thought it was direct enough to simply share with you. Here is the text:

The public affairs story assignment that culminates JRN 200 is meant to help students transition to JRN 300, where many of their stories will involve public affairs topics and issues.  Moreover, many of the JRN 300 students attending our session on “Thinking About Your Courses” said they would have liked more preparation for public affairs stories in JRN 200.

The draft below is meant to address this concern.  It first deals with the definition of “public affairs,” the kinds of local government institutions and processes that mostly make public affairs news, and the kinds of sources and stories student reporters can find.

Public Affairs:  A Definition
Many students are confused about the distinction between “public” and “private” when it comes to institutions and organizations they may be covering.  Some are even confused about what constitutes “government.”  So the definitions below are meant to help resolve these confusions.

1.      “Government” is made up of institutions and their operations that (a) use tax dollars and (b) derive their power from elections by citizens.  Government is the only  institution that has legal authority to collect taxes and, if necessary, to use coercion to enforce laws and rules.

2.     Public affairs is about the activity of government institutions, but is more broad than that: Public affairs involves any activities that in some way or other use tax dollars and/or impact governmental decisions.

3.     The implication of 2 above is that groups, businesses, etc., that try to influence government are also part of Public Affairs and therefore of interest for public affairs news coverage.

Local Government Institutions:
City/Township Governance:

1.      City Councils are elected by voters and have the power to enact “ordinances” that govern a number of aspects of civic life including law enforcement, fire protection, sanitation, etc.
2.     Mayor/Manager:  Mayors may be elected directly by voters or, in the case of smaller towns (e.g., East Lansing) elected from the city council.  An elected mayor has a full set of administrative officials to enforce laws.  In the case of smaller communities, a council hires a manager who serves at the pleasure of the council to do the same kind of administrative duties than an elected mayor would
3.     Courts:  These are district courts and circuit courts.  The district courts handle lesser crimes (dui, etc.,) while circuit courts handle major ones (murder, etc.)

School Districts: 

School districts are special governmental entities that perform a single task:  educating youth.  They have legal authority to raise tax revenue and expend tax dollars. 
1.    Boards of Education:  these are officials elected in the same way as city council members who have the power to make educational policy.
2      District Superintendent:  an official hired by the Board of Education to take on day-to-day administration functions.

Informal Business and Interest Groups:
1.      Although not governmental institutions, these groups often attempt to influence governmental policy.  Such groups include:
a.     Chambers of Commerce, Business Interest Groups, etc.
b.    Neighborhood Associations
c.     Unions, particularly public employee unions
d.    Issue Interest Groups such as Planned Parenthood, the ACLU, etc.
2.     Council appointed boards and commissions (e.g., recreation commission, etc.):  these groups make recommendations to councils on selected areas being considered.

Government Processes (relevant for news reporting) 

1.      Votes by councils/school boards on policy, finance, etc.
2.     Decisions by executive leaders/administration
3.     Citizen ballots on finance, etc.
4.     Trials in district and circuit courts

Public Affairs Story Sources

People Sources:
1.      Mayors/ administrators and their staffs.
2.     Elected council members/school board members
3.     Group/commission members
4.     Ordinary Citizens

Activity Sources:
1.      Official meetings of councils, commissions, school boards etc.
2.     Rallies, demonstrations, strikes, etc.
3.     Speeches, etc.
4.     Trials, sentencing, etc.

Document Sources:
1.      Web sites
2.     Official reports/studies
3.     Statistical data

Routine Public Affairs Stories
1.      Votes by councils and school boards and commissions
2.     Discussions by councils and school boards and commissions
3.     Interest group activity to influence 1 and 2 above
4.     Proposals by administrative officers
5.     Protests, strikes
6.     Court Activity

Reporting Skill Sets Needed
1.      How to cover and write stories involving some sort of meeting
2.     Interviewing 
3.     Accessing and integrating documents into stories
4.     Sourcing beyond government actors for stories
5.     Fairness and balance in reporting controversy

Tuesday, June 21, 2016

JRN 200: More On Public Affairs Reporting

Posted here is a handout given to JRN 200 instructors on how to define public affairs reporting. Instead of translating it for you, I thought it was direct enough to simply share with you. Here is the text:

The public affairs story assignment that culminates JRN 200 is meant to help students transition to JRN 300, where many of their stories will involve public affairs topics and issues.  Moreover, many of the JRN 300 students attending our session on “Thinking About Your Courses” said they would have liked more preparation for public affairs stories in JRN 200.

The draft below is meant to address this concern.  It first deals with the definition of “public affairs,” the kinds of local government institutions and processes that mostly make public affairs news, and the kinds of sources and stories student reporters can find.

Public Affairs:  A Definition
Many students are confused about the distinction between “public” and “private” when it comes to institutions and organizations they may be covering.  Some are even confused about what constitutes “government.”  So the definitions below are meant to help resolve these confusions.

1.      “Government” is made up of institutions and their operations that (a) use tax dollars and (b) derive their power from elections by citizens.  Government is the only  institution that has legal authority to collect taxes and, if necessary, to use coercion to enforce laws and rules.

2.     Public affairs is about the activity of government institutions, but is more broad than that: Public affairs involves any activities that in some way or other use tax dollars and/or impact governmental decisions.

3.     The implication of 2 above is that groups, businesses, etc., that try to influence government are also part of Public Affairs and therefore of interest for public affairs news coverage.

Local Government Institutions:
City/Township Governance:

1.      City Councils are elected by voters and have the power to enact “ordinances” that govern a number of aspects of civic life including law enforcement, fire protection, sanitation, etc.
2.     Mayor/Manager:  Mayors may be elected directly by voters or, in the case of smaller towns (e.g., East Lansing) elected from the city council.  An elected mayor has a full set of administrative officials to enforce laws.  In the case of smaller communities, a council hires a manager who serves at the pleasure of the council to do the same kind of administrative duties than an elected mayor would
3.     Courts:  These are district courts and circuit courts.  The district courts handle lesser crimes (dui, etc.,) while circuit courts handle major ones (murder, etc.)

School Districts: 

School districts are special governmental entities that perform a single task:  educating youth.  They have legal authority to raise tax revenue and expend tax dollars. 
1.    Boards of Education:  these are officials elected in the same way as city council members who have the power to make educational policy.
2      District Superintendent:  an official hired by the Board of Education to take on day-to-day administration functions.

Informal Business and Interest Groups:
1.      Although not governmental institutions, these groups often attempt to influence governmental policy.  Such groups include:
a.     Chambers of Commerce, Business Interest Groups, etc.
b.    Neighborhood Associations
c.     Unions, particularly public employee unions
d.    Issue Interest Groups such as Planned Parenthood, the ACLU, etc.
2.     Council appointed boards and commissions (e.g., recreation commission, etc.):  these groups make recommendations to councils on selected areas being considered.

Government Processes (relevant for news reporting) 

1.      Votes by councils/school boards on policy, finance, etc.
2.     Decisions by executive leaders/administration
3.     Citizen ballots on finance, etc.
4.     Trials in district and circuit courts

Public Affairs Story Sources

People Sources:
1.      Mayors/ administrators and their staffs.
2.     Elected council members/school board members
3.     Group/commission members
4.     Ordinary Citizens

Activity Sources:
1.      Official meetings of councils, commissions, school boards etc.
2.     Rallies, demonstrations, strikes, etc.
3.     Speeches, etc.
4.     Trials, sentencing, etc.

Document Sources:
1.      Web sites
2.     Official reports/studies
3.     Statistical data

Routine Public Affairs Stories
1.      Votes by councils and school boards and commissions
2.     Discussions by councils and school boards and commissions
3.     Interest group activity to influence 1 and 2 above
4.     Proposals by administrative officers
5.     Protests, strikes
6.     Court Activity

Reporting Skill Sets Needed
1.      How to cover and write stories involving some sort of meeting
2.     Interviewing 
3.     Accessing and integrating documents into stories
4.     Sourcing beyond government actors for stories
5.     Fairness and balance in reporting controversy